Features of cellar construction

A cellar in a private home or summer cottage is an absolutely indispensable space. There are countless ways to use it, from the simple long-term storage of vegetables and preserves to setting up a workshop or wine racks. But it's important to remember that a cellar, unlike a basement, can be located not only within the house but also anywhere in the garden.

Before beginning construction preparations, determine the exact location of the structure, its size, and its intended use. These parameters will determine whether additional insulation, moisture control, wiring, and lighting will be required. Once you've determined the external parameters, begin selecting materials. Of course, budget also plays a role. Here are some material options:

Wooden boards and sheets. In this case, the surface must be pre-treated to prevent mold, moisture, and corrosion. Overall, this is a very cost-effective option, but not very durable.

Sand-lime bricks or cinder blocks should not be used, as they have difficulty withstanding high humidity and possible deformation.

The best and most reliable installation option is red brick. It's water-resistant, durable, and will last for decades.

To build a hole yourself, you'll first need a shovel. You can measure the required dimensions using a taut rope and stakes. Then, all that's left to do is dig. Adjust the depth according to the moisture level, trying to avoid groundwater. Strengthen the walls by tapping them with a damp shovel.

Once the pit has been prepared, the foundation for the structure must be laid. This can be done using a mixture of crushed stone and concrete. Once the foundation has hardened and settled, the walls can begin to be erected. If the walls are to be made of brick, a traditional masonry style is a safe bet. If the walls are to be made of wood, insulation must first be installed along the walls. For the ceiling, wooden or metal beams longer than the cellar are used. Insulation sheets are also placed between the beams. The roof surface itself is made of slate sheets.

Before burying the cellar in the ground, it's necessary to lay the flooring. If the foundation was skipped, the floors can be left as earthen fill. However, this can lead to increased humidity, which can lead to mold growth. It's best to pour concrete and let it cure.

It's also important to consider a ventilation method. Most often, this involves small openings with a pipe on the roof. There should be two pipes, one for air intake and one for exhaust. The door should be tight and airtight. A small hatch with a ladder leading from the floor is an excellent option.