Agricultural machinery: types and purposes

Types of agricultural machinery

Our range of agricultural machinery includes powerful, reliable, and easy-to-maintain machines. They can be used for soil preparation, seeding and cultivating crops, and harvesting.

Most machines are equipped with diesel engines, as they offer excellent durability, fuel efficiency, and safety. Diesel fuel is less explosive than gasoline, and fire safety is especially important when harvesting grain.

Tractors

A tractor is a vital workhorse for any agricultural enterprise. It's the foundation of equipment, having undergone extensive modernization in a relatively short period of time. Wheeled tractors can easily navigate public roads independently. They can perform a wider range of tasks than tracked tractors.

Providing traction is the primary function of this type of agricultural machinery. The specific wheelbase type depends on the conditions and type of work being performed. The tractor is versatile and capable of performing most field tasks, depending on the attachments it is used with:

plowing;
harrowing;
cultivation;
transportation of various goods, etc.

That is, by towing specialized units, the tractor solves a wide range of problems facing any agricultural base, regardless of the specifics of its activities.

However, the machines are also used in construction, mining, road construction, earthmoving, municipal works, etc. They are designed for operation in any climate and scale of activity.

Soil cultivation equipment

Tractors with various modern attachments are used for soil cultivation. These wheeled machines vary in functionality, but the operating principle is similar: plowing the soil by turning over the top layer and extracting the substratum.

According to the operating principle and purpose, the following are distinguished:

Disc harrows

They allow for harrowing—pre-sowing cultivation of heavy soil after plowing. They consist of a horizontal base with rotating disc blades that penetrate the soil and break it into small clods.

The attachment penetrates the soil to a specific depth, which is maintained by special weights. The disc shapes vary, resulting in varying tillage results. If soil accumulates on the working elements, it is automatically cleared using scrapers.

Cultivators

Specialized soil-cultivating equipment, which can be:

steam - for soil treatment before sowing seeds;
row crop - for destroying weeds, loosening the soil, hilling.

A separate category includes universal devices that can carry out both continuous and inter-row cultivation.

In agriculture, tractor-mounted towbars are most often used. Therefore, the choice of attachment is based on the working and transport width, height, number of tines, spacing, and weight.

Please note that the characteristics of tillage equipment must be compatible with the tractor's traction power. The higher this rating, the greater the productivity and the more land can be cultivated.

Equipment for sowing and planting

A special type of agricultural machinery designed for seeding grain. The advantage of using seeders is that they require minimal human intervention in seed distribution. All this work is performed using a high-precision dosing device.

This seeding equipment can be either trailed or mounted, attached to a tractor. Depending on the seeding principle, the units are classified as:

precision seeding - used to place seeds in the soil at an equal distance from each other;
row - for planting grain crops in rows;
square-nest - allow you to plant seeds at the vertices (corners) of squares (rectangles), thereby allowing you to cultivate fields along and across;
Subsoil-broadcasting - special equipment that allows for uniform seeding of a field, with the seeds being embedded into the soil at a shallow depth.

Equipment for applying fertilizers and watering

Fertilizer application is a common practice in agricultural crop production, significantly increasing yields. To produce environmentally friendly crops, companies use mineral or organic substances, as well as specialized equipment. Based on the type of application, this equipment can be categorized as:

Mobile canopies, trailers

They are a robust horizontal structure with a system of hoses and tanks used for watering and irrigating with beneficial compounds. The working bottom of the devices is perfectly smooth to prevent damage to plants. Modern equipment can cover large areas and is controlled directly from the tractor cab.

A separate category includes multi-injectors, which allow for precise injections of fertilizers into the soil.

Self-propelled sprayers

As a rule, these are sprinklers equipped with tanks and a mechanism for spraying liquids (organic, mineral compounds).

For ease of operation, the machine is equipped with a comfortable driver's cabin. From here, the flow of substances can be adjusted according to the needs of the agricultural facility.

Harvesting equipment

The agricultural industry uses a variety of harvesting equipment. These include highly efficient combine harvesters designed for harvesting:

cereals, legumes;
some types of vegetables.

The main advantage of combine harvesters is their unique design. It allows for harvesting without damaging the crop, which is then collected directly into the combine's hopper, truck bed, or tractor trailer for transport and further processing.

The operating principles of the equipment vary, and the classification adopted is into the following groups:

Removing a layer of soil. This is useful when harvesting potatoes or similar crops. Some systems are equipped with sifting and selection technology, for example, when harvesting potato tubers.
Mowers. They mow plants with cutting elements. Depending on agricultural needs, the machine can be equipped with additional post-harvest processing features. This is suitable for harvesting grain, corn, cabbage, and other crops.

The units can be trailer-mounted, mounted, or self-propelled, with different options for placing bodies for collection and further transportation.

Equipment for harvesting and processing feed

This is a separate type of equipment designed to perform feed preparation operations for future animal husbandry. Feed includes various coarse and succulent crops, silage, grain forage, and compound feed. Procurement involves a wide range of operations, each requiring specific equipment. This equipment helps speed up and automate the process as much as possible.

The main type of this agricultural machinery is forage harvesters. They can be mounted, for small farms, or self-propelled—full-fledged forage harvesters capable of performing multiple functions simultaneously, suitable for large agricultural complexes.

According to the operating principle, the equipment is divided into:

mowers;
tedders;
mower-conditioners;
rake.

As a result, animal feed can be harvested in large quantities at minimal cost. The pressing or grinding function allows for immediate storage.