Selecting and installing reinforcement for the foundation of a two-story 10x10 m house

The foundation of a two-story house is a structure that directly affects the longevity of the entire structure. A 10x10 meter area creates significant loads, requiring proper reinforcement of the foundation. This article will help you understand the correct selection and installation of reinforcement for a reliable foundation.

Calculating loads for the foundation of a two-story 10x10 m house

Before choosing reinforcement, it is necessary to calculate the loads that the foundation will experience:

• Dead loads: the weight of the walls, floors, roof, and the foundation itself. For a two-story brick house measuring 10x10 m, this is approximately 150-180 tons;
• Temporary loads: furniture, residents, snow load on the roof – about 25-30 tons;
• Wind loads: for a two-story house they are insignificant, but they are also taken into account in the calculation;
• Seismic loads: taken into account in seismically hazardous areas.

The total load on the foundation is approximately 200-220 tons, which requires the creation of a strong reinforced frame.

Optimal grades of reinforcement for the foundation of a two-story house

For the foundation of a two-story house, it is recommended to use the following grades of reinforcement:

• Rebar A500C is the optimal option with a tensile strength of 500 MPa and good weldability;
• Reinforcement A400C is an acceptable option for regions with a mild climate and stable soils;
• Reinforcement A600 – for particularly difficult soil conditions.

Important! The use of non-weldable reinforcement (without the letter “C” in the marking) for load-bearing foundation structures is undesirable, as it makes it difficult to create reliable connections.

Rod diameters for various foundation elements

The following reinforcement diameters are used for different foundation elements of a two-story 10x10 m house:

• The main frame of the tape: longitudinal rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm, at least 4 pieces (2 each in the upper and lower zones);
• Cross elements (clamps): reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm with a step of 30-50 cm;
• Slab foundation: lower and upper mesh made of rods with a diameter of 12 mm and a cell size of 15-20 cm;
• Load concentration zones (under load-bearing walls, columns): additional reinforcement with rods with a diameter of 14-16 mm;
• Pile foundation: vertical rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm, 4-6 pieces per pile.

Reinforcement schemes for strip foundations

For a strip foundation of a two-story house measuring 10x10 m, the optimal reinforcement scheme includes:

1. Bottom belt: 2-3 rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm, located at the bottom of the belt;
2. Upper belt: 2-3 rods of the same diameter at the top;
3. Cross clamps: rods with a diameter of 8-10 mm, installed at intervals of 30-40 cm;
4. Reinforcement of corners: additional diagonal rods 1-1.5 m long at the junction of the tapes.

The height of the frame should be 50-80 mm less than the height of the strip to create a protective layer of concrete.

Reinforcement of slab foundation

For a slab foundation of a 10x10 m house, the following scheme is used:

1. Bottom mesh: reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm and a cell size of 15-20 cm, laid on a prepared cushion;
2. Upper mesh: similar to the lower one, located on fasteners 15-20 cm high;
3. Reinforcement under load-bearing walls: additional rods with a diameter of 14 mm, laid at intervals of 10-15 cm;
4. Reinforcement of edge zones: reinforcement of the perimeter with additional rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm.

The total consumption of reinforcement for a slab foundation is approximately 2.5-3 tons for a house measuring 10x10 m.

Principles of reinforcement tying according to regulatory requirements

When installing the reinforcement cage, the following rules must be observed:

1. Connection of rods: the overlap of longitudinal rods must be at least 40 diameters (for 12 mm reinforcement – ​​at least 50 cm);
2. Wire knitting: soft knitting wire with a diameter of 1-1.5 mm is used, the knots are tightened with a special hook;
3. Welded joints: permitted only for reinforcement marked “C”, the seam must be at least 4 rod diameters;
4. Protective layer: the distance from the concrete surface to the reinforcement is at least 40-50 mm to ensure anti-corrosion protection;
5. Fixing the frame: using plastic clamps to ensure the correct position of the reinforcement in the formwork.

Calculation of the required amount of reinforcement

For a strip foundation for a two-story house measuring 10x10 m you will need:

• Longitudinal reinforcement: 12-14 mm – about 1.2-1.5 tons;
• Transverse reinforcement: 8-10 mm – about 0.4-0.6 tons;
• Knitting wire: 10-15 kg.

For slab foundation:

• Lower and upper mesh: 12 mm – about 2-2.5 tons;
• Additional reinforcement: 12-14 mm – about 0.5-0.7 tons;
• Fasteners and fasteners – 100-150 pcs.

When purchasing, it is necessary to add 10-15% for waste from cutting and knitting.

Practical installation recommendations

1. The reinforcement should be laid on a clean and level surface;
2. The frame must be fixed to avoid displacement when pouring concrete;
3. All joints and connections must be securely fastened;
4. In the corners of the foundation, the rods are not cut, but bent with an overlap;
5. Before pouring concrete, it is necessary to check that the frame complies with the design documentation.

Following these recommendations will ensure the creation of a reliable foundation for a two-story house that will last at least 100 years without losing its strength characteristics.