Roses of different types: care in autumn and preparation for winter

The rose is one of the most popular plants in the world. Its flowers are distinguished by a huge variety of colors and shapes, their beauty, and their unique fragrance.

Because of this, most gardeners try to grow roses in their gardens. Autumn care and preparation for winter are very important for these flowers, so you should approach all events held with the utmost responsibility.

Autumn care

Autumn rose care requires a variety of activities. Their purpose is to prepare the bushes for the first frost and the winter period. This includes not only pruning and fertilizing but also pest control. The quality of this work will determine the roses' spring bloom.

Pruning bushes

To ensure your roses survive the winter well, you need to care for them in the fall. Proper pruning is crucial, especially for rose bushes that reach 2 meters in height, as well as for miniature varieties.

Florists distinguish several methods of pruning roses:

1. Short pruning. This involves shortening the shoots to a height of no more than 15 centimeters above the soil surface. It's important to leave at least three buds on the stems, which will quickly begin to develop once warmer weather arrives. This type of pruning is often used to prepare climbing polyanthus and cascading roses for the first frost.
2. Medium. This method is used to prune hybrid tea, pernician, and everbearing roses. The shoots are shortened so that five buds remain. In most cases, the height of bushes prepared this way does not exceed 40 centimeters.
3. Long. This type of pruning involves removing only the tips of the shoots. This leaves stems up to 1 meter tall, with at least 8 buds remaining. This is used for garden Bengal and park bees. Old English and climbing small-flowered roses.

It's crucial to prune during optimal temperatures (below -5 degrees Celsius). If you neglect this rule and treat the bushes in warmer weather, they may immediately begin to grow, leading to the death of the plant at the first frost.

To prune roses correctly, The following rules must be observed:

1. This work should be performed only with special pruning shears, and the blade must be as sharp as possible.
2. Experienced gardeners recommend making the cut 5 millimetres above the bud that grows on the outer side of the shoot.
3. Shoots can only be trimmed at an angle of 45 degrees.
4. It is better to completely remove damaged, crooked or dry shoots.
5. Cut areas should be protected from microorganisms. To do this, experts recommend treating them with crushed wood ash or any available antiseptic.

Fertilizing

Preparing a rose for winter doesn't end with pruning. The next step should be fertilizing. In most cases, this is done no earlier than 15 days after removing excess shoots. It's important not to use fertilizers, containing nitrogen. They only accelerate leaf growth, which is absolutely unnecessary before winter.

The procedure for carrying out the process:

1. A 10-liter bucket is filled with water.
2. Add 15 grams of magnesium and potassium sulfate to the liquid.
3. After they are dissolved, add 2 grams of boric acid and 20 grams of superphosphate.
4. All components of the fertilizer are thoroughly mixed.
5. The resulting solution is poured under the plant's roots. This should be done immediately after the main watering.

This amount of fertilizer is enough to treat 20-30 small bushes.

Pest control

In the fall, it's crucial to spray roses with pest control products. This is done to kill any remaining fungal spores and reduce the likelihood of them surviving the winter. Even plant varieties that are rarely attacked by pests should be treated with chemicals.

In most cases, gardeners recommend spraying bushes with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate. It should only be diluted in plastic, glass, or enamel containers, which won't react with the solution. If you use a metal container, the solution will react with the iron, resulting in the formation of compounds harmful to roses.

From black spot And powdery mildew The following chemicals will help:

• Topaz;
• Fast;
• Hom;
• Fundazol.

Dates of events

As soon as the air temperature drops below freezing, sap flow in the upper part of the plant stops, and the roses enter a dormant state. If warmer temperatures occur, all processes resume, and with subsequent frosts, the sap in the shoots turns to ice.

All this will lead to a rupture of the protective layer of the stems. The resulting cracks will easily allow pests to penetrate, causing various rose diseases.

To avoid this scenario, it's essential to carry out all planned measures in a timely manner. Each region has its own specific preparation time. Missing the optimal period can result in the loss of a large number of plants.

The deadlines for different regions are as follows:

1. Moscow regionAutumn care for roses is carried out from mid-September to early October. Before winter, you need to apply fertilizer, dig around the roots, remove leaves, and trim the stems. If the first frost arrives early, protect the bushes with a special cover.
2. The Urals. In this region, cold weather sets in much earlier, so all preparatory work should be completed before early September. If forecasters predict a sharp drop in temperature, a small shelter should be provided for the bushes.
3. SiberiaPreparations for winter begin as early as August. In the first month of autumn, bushes are covered with protective materials. If severe frosts without snow are expected, additional insulation should be provided.
4. Leningrad Region. Preparatory work in this region takes place from September to October. First, the remaining buds are cut from the bushes and potassium-magnesium fertilizers are added to the soil. After this, the shoots are trimmed and the roses are covered.

Features of preparation for winter

Different rose varieties require specific preparation for the cold season. It's important to consider the characteristics and characteristics of each plant. This will help preserve the maximum number of bushes and avoid any problems.

Climbing and hybrid tea

Almost all representatives of climbing roses do not need in autumn pruningThe only exception is large-flowered ones, which are shortened by about a third of their length.

The most popular method for preparing climbing roses:

1. The soil surface around each bush is thoroughly cleared of plant debris.
2. All the leaves are torn off the plants.
3. The shoots are tied and treated with any antifungal chemical.
4. Spruce branches are placed under the whips.
5. A layer of soil mixed with sand is poured on top of them.
6. The shoots are carefully bent and a shelter is built over them.

Hybrid tea varieties are prepared a little differently. They are cut back to about 10 centimeters, and then perform the following actions:

1. From the bush they tear off all the leaves.
2. The plant stems and soil around the root system are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
3. The soil around the bush is dug up and covered with sand.
4. The shoots are tied with a strong rope and then bent to the ground.
5. A wooden frame is built around the rose, the roof of which is covered with a special agrofibre.
6. A layer of film is stretched over it.

Park and ground cover

Park rose varieties are known for their ability to withstand sudden cold snaps and severe frosts. They don't require mandatory pruning and are only pruned to promote flowering.

Sequence of events:

1. Shoots that have any defects are cut from the bush.
2. Before the onset of frost, roses are covered with peat.
3. The stems are tied together and carefully bent to the ground.
4. A frame is built around the bush and covered with burlap or kraft paper.

In the worst weather conditions, the following actions are taken:

1. The bushes are covered with spruce or pine branches on all sides.
2. Then they form a shelter from boards, which is secured with an earthen embankment.
3. The roof is covered with agrofibre or any other waterproof material.
4. For better protection from moisture, the frame is covered with a layer of transparent film.
5. All structural components are securely fastened together. This is necessary to ensure the structure can withstand even the strongest gusts of wind.

Recommendations from experienced florists

To avoid bush death, it's essential to strictly follow the rules for caring for and preparing plants for winter, as well as the recommendations of professionals. These recommendations will be indispensable for novice gardeners who want to grow different rose varieties.

Recommendations from experts:

1. During the fall, any gardener needs to slow down the growth of bushes and strengthen their root system. To achieve this, fertilizer should be applied promptly starting in mid-summer.
2. To ensure that plants absorb the maximum amount of fertilizer, fertilizing should only be done in clear and dry weather.
3. Unripe shoots should be removed from the bushes. They can be identified by the reddish color of the outer skin.
4. Experts do not recommend watering bushes frequently, as this can lead to the formation of a large number of new shoots.
5. Shoots should only be bent when the air temperature is above 0 degrees Celsius. Otherwise, the stems will be extremely fragile and may break with the slightest physical impact.
6. Rose shoots should be bent down gradually over the course of several days. This must be done with extreme care to avoid damaging them.
7. Bent bushes should not be left without protective cover for more than 10-15 days.
8. Covering bushes is only necessary when temperatures drop below freezing. If you ignore this advice, they will quickly rot and die.
9. Wood sawdust, peat, dry birch or oak leaves, and compost can be used as protective materials.
10. When using sawdust, it's necessary to construct a small shelter over the roses. This will keep the protective material dry, reducing the risk of mold and harmful microorganisms.
11. If a roof is built over the bushes, it should have a slight slope to drain rainwater.

Caring for roses in the fall and preparing them for winter are the most important tasks for gardeners. If you follow all the professional recommendations and pay attention to every detail, you'll be able to admire the beautiful flowers and savor their fragrance in the spring.