What fertilizers to apply in the garden and vegetable garden in the fall: instructions

 

Harvesting from the garden, vegetable patch, and vegetable plot is a joyful occasion. Afterward, it's time to care for the soil, trees, and plants. The soil is carefully fertilized with nutrients. What fertilizers should be applied in the fall? There are many substances, compounds, and folk remedies that help gardeners in their difficult but joyful work.

Why is it necessary to fertilize the soil in the fall?

Autumn fertilization is necessary for the garden for many reasons:

• to restore soil functions and enrich it with microelements, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus;
• crops will become frost-resistant;
• Trees and plants need nutrients in the spring for full development;
• for protein-carbohydrate synthesis.

Preparing the soil for fertilization

Preparing the soil for fertilization involves several stages. First, the entire crop is harvested to free the soil for the necessary nutrients. After all the fruits are harvested, weeds and any remaining tops and roots are removed.

The soil is well watered, especially for berry crops. Berry roots are located in the upper layers of the soil, and autumn watering will benefit them. Fertilizers applied before winter should dissolve in the soil. This will ensure the plants receive the nutrients they need.

Fruit trees and bushes have deep roots. Raspberries root at a depth of 50 to 60 cm, while fruit trees can reach up to 2 m. This should be taken into account when watering. While the water consumption will be high, it will help ensure a good harvest next year.

Types of autumn fertilizers

What fertilizers are applied in the fall? There are different substances that nourish the soil:

• mineral fertilizers;
• organic matter;
• synthetic components;
• microelements;
• green manure.

Features of mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers are used to feed berry crops, ornamental plants, fruit trees, and shrubs. The fertilizer is selected based on the needs of each tree or plant species. If hostas are grown in the garden, they require a complex of nutrients for perennials. Conifers prefer a special mixture. All compounds should be applied to the soil in liquid form. The solutions quickly penetrate the roots and provide their beneficial effects.

Autumn garden fertilizers should not contain nitrogen. Nitrogen stimulates the growth of garden crops and is needed in the spring, during the period of intensive growth. Plants need to rest in the fall and winter to gain strength for spring.

The compositions contain the following substances:

• calcium;
• phosphorus;
• potassium.

They stimulate shoot maturation, protect them from frost, and improve the immune system of garden crops. Detailed instructions for use are included with the fertilizer packaging. Follow these instructions to avoid harming the plants.

Organics and their uses

Gardeners value manure as an organic fertilizer. It enriches the soil with nutrients, making it soft and fertile. It's important to know how to use organic matter properly. Fertilizing the soil with fresh manure in spring and summer is dangerous. It can burn the roots of trees and plants. Fall is the best time to apply fresh organic matter. Ammonia, which is harmful to roots, will be gradually washed away by meltwater.

Organic matter is scattered over the soil. The land is immediately dug up, ensuring that manure or droppings Remain at a depth of 10 to 15 cm. Deeply dug organic matter will sink into the soil, but trees and plants will not receive it. The consumption of organic matter per 1 m² is one 10-liter bucket.

Horse manure It's dense. It contains a lot of nitrogen and can be retained in the soil for a long time. Over the winter, the fertilizer softens. This happens gradually, so the nutrients are released into the soil in the spring. Cow manure also contains nutrients, but it's best used in the spring, when it's rotted. Unlike horse manure, it's not as dense, and plants will lose more than a quarter of its beneficial components over the winter.

Bird droppings are the most concentrated fertilizer. In summer and spring, they are used as a solution to avoid damaging foliage and roots. In autumn, they can also be applied to the soil without dilution. Gardeners consider them the best fertilizer for strawberries.

Synthetic fertilizers

What other fertilizers can you use in the fall besides organic matter? There's a wide selection of synthetic substances, primarily superphosphates. They dissolve slowly, gradually releasing nutrients to the soil and releasing them to plants. Apply 50 g of the substance per square meter of soil.

Urea, or carbamide, contains nitrogen, but it stays in the soil and isn't washed out with water. Mixing nitrogen with phosphorus makes a good fertilizer for fall tillage. Mix 100 g of lime with 1 kg of superphosphate. Divide the mixture into two halves. Add urea to one half, spread the mixture evenly over the area, and then dig in.

Using compost

Compost is a type of organic compound. It is used to fertilize the following garden crops:

• all nightshades;
• garlic and onion;
• all varieties of cabbage.

Compost becomes usable within two years. If it's not matured, not all plants can utilize it. Raw compost is useful as a fertilizer in the fall. Like manure, it should be spread over the soil, after removing weeds, and then dug in. The soil should be dug to a depth of no more than 10-15 cm. 3-4 kg of compost is sufficient per square meter of soil.

Humus is also used as mulch, covering plants with it for the winter. The layer should be 5 to 7 cm thick. Fruit trees require a thick layer of compost, covering the entire trunk circle. In spring, the soil mixed with humus should be lightly loosened.

Phosphate rock and its applications

How to fertilize depleted soil or leached black soil? One of the best options is rock phosphate. When applied with manure, it enriches the soil with phosphorus.

The fertilizer appears as a gray powder. It contains:

• 17% phosphorus;
• 30% calcium;
• 18; silica;
• 2% magnesium.

The flour consists of phosphate rocks, which are naturally occurring. It can be stored for a long time in a dry place without losing its beneficial properties. The fertilizer is best used in acidic soils. It dissolves in weak acids and is easily absorbed by plants.

Potassium sulfate or potassium chloride

You can fertilize your garden in the fall with potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. Not all garden crops respond well to potassium. It is used in combination with rock phosphate or superphosphate. It is suitable for fertilizing mature fruit trees, a number of vegetable crops, and berry bushes.

Calcium chloride

It's most often used as a potato fertilizer, scattered over the field. Chlorine is unstable and quickly dissolved by groundwater. Calcium, on the other hand, remains in the soil. This fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 20 g per 1 m² of soil.

Wood ash

Wood ash contains microelements that stimulate the growth of trees and plants. The best ash composition can be obtained by burning potato tops or tree branches. Like organic matter, it should be added to the soil every 4-5 years, at a rate of 1 kg per 1 m². It is always used as a fertilizer:

• beets;
• potatoes;
• strawberries;
• raspberries and other berry bushes;
• all types of cabbage.

Bone meal

Cattle horns, bones, and hooves are used as raw materials for bone meal. The powder obtained from cattle body parts is mixed with bone meal. The mixture contains calcium and nitrogen. Over time, the nitrogen is released, leaving behind the calcium and phosphorus. The finished meal appears as a yellow powder. In addition to phosphorus and calcium, it is enriched with manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, and iodine.

Green manure as a substitute for manure

What fertilizers should be added to the soil in the fall if there is no manure? In the absence of organic matter, gardeners enrich the soil with green manure. These are plants and herbs that are sown in the garden at the end of the season. Green manure crops include:

• clover;
• all legumes;
• mustard;
• rye;
• lupine.

With the onset of autumn, the land is plowed along with the green manure. When dug into the soil, it enriches it with nutrients. It is also sown around tree trunks and dug over in the fall.

Mustard Contains nitrogen and phosphorus and effectively kills late blight. It also kills slugs and plant-harmful fungi. Due to its vigorous growth, mustard can destroy any weed and enrich the soil with nutrients. If the soil begins to leach, this plant stops the process by retaining nitrogen. Mustard is safe for all types of garden crops (potatoes, grapes, trees, legumes). When used as mulch, it retains moisture in the soil and prevents it from freezing.

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Autumn fertilizers for fruit trees

In autumn under fruit trees Fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus, humus, manure, and complex fertilizers are applied. The best time to apply them is the second half of October. 250 g of potassium sulfate and 350 g of superphosphate should be applied under each pear or apple tree. Mineral fertilizers are combined with organic fertilizers. You can also sprinkle them around the tree trunks and water them.

Cherry and plum trees are fertilized with a solution. To prepare it, you'll need 3 tablespoons of phosphate diluted in 10 liters of water. Approximately 4 buckets of solution are needed for one tree.

To increase tree yields, use humus and mineral fertilizers such as "Osenniy," "Plodovye Sady," and "Universum." Use well-rotted manure. Dig up the soil around the tree trunks and add 4 kg of manure. Mulch the dug soil.

Fertilizers for berry bushes

Berry bushes are fertilized after the entire harvest has been collected. The best fertilizer for berries is ash, applied at a rate of 3 kg per 1 m² of soil. Ash is applied every 4-5 years.

Bird droppings are also beneficial for berry crops. They need to be dried and packaged before use. 0.9 to 3 kg of droppings are needed per square meter of soil. Sometimes the row spacing is watered with a solution diluted 1:14.

How to fertilize potato beds

After harvesting the potatoes, the soil is dug up, plowed, and fertilized with mineral fertilizers. Nitroammophoska is most commonly used at a rate of 2 tablespoons per square meter. Organic manure with added straw is suitable for potatoes. Before digging, the beds are sprinkled with manure mixed with straw at a rate of 6 kg per square meter.

All types of green manure are also used for potatoes. They are sown in a plot where the crop has just been harvested. In addition to nitroammophoska and green manure, potatoes are fertilized with:

• superphosphate;
• plant ash;
• potassium chloride.

Liming to reduce acidity

Soil acidity is tested using table vinegar. Pour it onto a handful of soil. If the soil begins to fizz, the pH is normal. If there is no fizz, the soil needs to be limed—using chalk, dolomite flour, or lime. When using these substances, avoid applying mineral fertilizers in the fall. They will dissolve poorly, and the plants will not absorb them.

If ash is used as a fertilizer, the soil acidity level will always be normal, and liming will not be necessary.

It's important to know what fertilizers are needed in the fall. This will help restore soil fertility, strengthen the immune system of garden crops, and ensure a good harvest next year.